|
Chaytor's Force (13 August – 31 October 1918〔Chappell 2008 p.411〕) named after its commander, Major General Edward Chaytor, was a composite division-sized force which served in the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War. The force of 11,000 men, consisted of a division headquarters, three mounted and one infantry brigades, four independent infantry battalions and four artillery batteries〔Kinloch 2007 p.321〕〔Sumner 2010 p.10〕 and was detached from the Desert Mounted Corps for deception operations. Chaytor's Force was formed to deceive the Ottoman high command into thinking the whole Desert Mounted Corps was positioned on the British right flank. They created dummy camps, guns positions and horses.〔Perrett 1999 p.39〕 Mules were used to drag branches along tracks, making dust, imitating the movement of mounted troops. Each day infantry marched into the Jordan Valley, and was driven out by trucks by night, to suggest a buildup of troops.〔Horner, Chapter. Deceiving the Turks〕 Later it was primary responsible for the defence of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's right flank, from the northern end of the Dead Sea to a point north-west of Jericho where the force touched the XX Corps. Chaytor's Force faced the Turkish Fourth Army, until that army was forced to retreat as a consequence of the successes of the Battles of Sharon and Nablus.〔Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 547〕 ==Attack== (詳細はGOC Edmund Allenby were to "be vigilant, and ready at any moment to take the offensive. By demonstration and pressure he was to “ prevent the enemy withdrawing troops to reinforce other parts of the line or concentrate against the XX Corps ”: to use every endeavour to Between 19 and 20 September while the main Battle of Sharon and attack by XX Corps developed, Chaytor's Force held their right and the Jordan Valley against the Fourth Army, while carrying out active demonstrations.〔Wavell 1968 p. 220〕 The 2nd Battalion British West Indies Regiment's advances towards Bakr Ridge were consolidated and continued at dawn on 20 September while the 2nd Light Horse Brigade and Patiala Infantry advanced eastwards across the Jordan Valley towards Shunet Nimrin.〔Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 549〕〔 War Diary of Anzac Mounted Division AWM4-1-60-31part2 Appendix 38 pp. 2–3〕 On 21 September when the retreat of the Fourth Army had begun, the main line of retreat for the Eighth and Seventh Armies in the Judean Hills east to the Jordan Valley was cut at Kh Fasail by the Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment. They were joined by the remainder of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade for the attack on Jisr ed Damieh, the main bridge over the Jordan River being used by the retreating Ottoman columns.〔War Diary of New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade AWM4-35-12-41〕〔War Diary of Anzac Mounted Division AWM4-1-60-31part2 Appendix 38 p. 3〕〔Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 550〕〔Powles 1922 p. 245〕 On 22 September the headquarters of the Ottoman 53rd Division were captured at El Makhruk and the line of retreat along the Nablus road was cut. With the threat of being overwhelmed by large Ottoman forces withdrawing towards Jisr ed Damieh bridge, the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade and a company of 1st Battalion British West Indies Regiment attacked the bridge with a squadron of Auckland mounted Rifles Regiment charging across the bridge to pursue and capture many prisoners.〔〔Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 551〕〔Powles 1922 pp. 246–7〕 The fords crossing the River Jordan at Umm esh Shert and Mafid Jozele were also captured on 22 September by the 2nd Battalion British West Indies Regiment with the 3rd Light Horse Regiment after the 38th Royal Fusiliers captured the Mellaha position in the Jordan Valley.〔Diary of Anzac Mounted Division AWM4-1-60-31part2 Appendix 38 pp. 3–4〕〔Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 551–2〕 Chaytor's Force crossed the Jordan River on their advance to Es Salt on 23 September which was captured in the evening after capturing rearguards.〔Powles 1922 p. 248〕〔Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 553–4〕 Chaytor's Force advanced towards Amman which was attacked and captured on 25 September.〔Powles 1922 pp. 251–2〕 At Ziza on 28 September Chaytor's Force captured the Fourth Army's Southern Force.〔Powles 1922 pp. 254–5〕〔Kinloch 2007 p. 318〕〔Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 555〕 The first units from Chaytor's Force had crossed the Jordan River on 22 September and by 2 October had captured Amman, taken 10,332 prisoners of war, fifty-seven artillery guns, 147 machine guns, eleven railway engines, 106 railway carriages or trucks, and 142 vehicles.〔Powles 1922 p.256〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chaytor's Force」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|